Tachysphex pompiliformis (Panzer, 1804) and Tachysphex austriacus Kohl, 1892 species subgroups belong to the Tachysphex pompiliformis species group, and both subgroups consist of morphologically similar species. The Tachysphex austriacus Kohl species subgroup comprises four species in Europe and Turkey. For this subgroup, differential diagnoses of Tachysphex austriacus and Tachysphex prismaticu...

Cheating is common in cooperative interactions, but its occurrence can be controlled by various means ranging from rewarding cooperators to active punishment of cheaters. Punishment occurs in the mutualism involving the cleanerfish Labroides dimidiatus and its reef fish clients. When L. dimidiatus cheats, by taking scales and mucus rather than ectoparasites, wronged clients either chase or with...

Large disturbances can cause rapid degradation of coral reef communities, but what baseline changes in species assemblages occur on undisturbed reefs through time? We surveyed live coral cover, reef fish abundance and fish species richness in 1997 and again in 2007 on 47 fringing patch reefs of varying size and depth at Mersa Bareika, Ras Mohammed National Park, Egypt. No major human or natural...

In deserts where unpredictable rainfall arises and a large variation in temperature occurs, this poses severe energetic and water related constraints on reproduction in small mammals and makes the use of photoperiod as cue for reproduction unreliable. In the present study, the gonad morphometrics, gonadal histology and endocrine profiles of the Arabian spiny mouse (Acomys dimidiatus) were studi...

In cases where uninvolved bystanders pay to punish defectors, this behavior has typically been interpreted in terms of group-level rather than individual-level benefits. Male cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, punish their female partner if she cheats while inspecting model clients. Punishment promotes female cooperation and thereby yields direct foraging benefits to the male. Thus, third-part...

El picudo de la guayaba es el principal problema fitosanitario, ocasionando pérdidas del 60% en producción; método control aplicación insecticidas químicos como paratión metílico y malatión. objetivo estudio fue evaluar eficiencia hongos entomopatógenos combinación con diferentes extractos vegetales Conotrachelus dimidiatus. En presente se evaluó efectividad biológica cepas nativas Beauveria ba...

Cleaning behaviour is considered to be a classical example of mutualism. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have measured the benefits to clients in terms of growth. In the longest experimental study of its kind, over an 8 year period, cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus were consistently removed from seven patch reefs (61-285 m(2)) and left undisturbed on nine control reefs, and the growth a...